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Climate change, water change and the critical role of community resilienceDr. Amanda Shankland, Dr. Carolyn Johns, and Gail Krantzberg, explore climate change resilience, water change, and the critical role of climate-ready communities. Climate change is impacting communities across the globe. For many communities, climate change manifests as water change in the form of floods, droughts, shoreline erosion, water quality degradation, water insecurity, and uncertainty. According to the United Nations, 153 countries have territory and communities within at least one of the 286 transboundary rivers, lake basins, and 592 transboundary aquifer systems (UN Water 2024). Communities worldwide are grappling with water governance challenges induced by climate change – inherently local, complex, and transboundary. 

Abstract Landscapes of fear can determine the dynamics of entire ecosystems. In response to perceived predation risk, prey can show physiological, behavioral, or morphological trait changes to avoid predation. This in turn can indirectly affect other species by modifying species interactions (e.g., altered feeding), with knock‐on effects, such as trophic cascades, on the wider ecosystem. While such indirect effects stemming from the fear of predation have received extensive attention for herbivore–plant and predator–prey interactions, much less is known about how they alter parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases. In this synthesis, we present a conceptual framework for how predation risk—as perceived by organisms that serve as hosts—can affect parasite–host interactions, with implications for infectious disease dynamics. By basing our approach on recent conceptual advances with respect to predation risk effects, we aim to expand this general framework to include parasite–host interactions and diseases. We further identify pathways through which parasite–host interactions can be affected, for example, through altered parasite avoidance behavior or tolerance of hosts to infections, and discuss the wider relevance of predation risk for parasite and host populations, including heuristic projections to population‐level dynamics. Finally, we highlight the current unknowns, specifically the quantitative links from individual‐level processes to population dynamics and community structure, and emphasize approaches to address these knowledge gaps.